DKK1 as an Inhibitor of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in the Therapy of Melasma – molecular mechanisms and clinical potential. Łukasz Malinowski, MD
ABSTRACT
Melasma is a chronic, acquired pigmentary dermatosis characterized by symmetrical hyperpigmented patches with irregular borders, ranging in color from light brown to dark brown. The lesions are primarily located on areas exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly the central and mid-facial regions, including the forehead, cheeks, and nose. Melasma occurs 40 to 70 times more frequently in women than in men, and its development is associated with hormonal influences- especially estrogens and progesterone- as well as the frequent use of hotosensitizing agents such as oral contraceptives and cosmetics. The condition more commonly affects individuals with darker skin phototypes (III–V on the Fitzpatrick scale), particularly those of Latin American, Asian, and Middle Eastern descent.
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